Colorado 2025 Bills

End-of-life Death Certificate Signature

House Bill 17-1368 changes the rules around death certificates for people who use aid-in-dying medication. Currently, a doctor or hospice medical director must sign these death certificates, but this bill removes that requirement. This affects individuals who have used Colorado’s End-of-life Options Act and their doctors or hospice providers. The bill has been signed into law, meaning the new rules are now in effect.

Last action: 2017-04-27 · House

State Highway System Funding And Financing

Senate Bill 17-303, which has been signed into law, allocates 10% of Colorado's net sales and use tax revenue towards highway improvements. This funding will be used first to pay off transportation loans (TRANs) up to $5.5 billion if approved by voters in November 2017, then for other necessary highway projects listed by the Department of Transportation (CDOT). The bill also removes certain required transfers from the general fund and requires CDOT to report on all bids submitted for its projects online. This means that starting July 1, 2017, a portion of your sales tax will go towards improving Colorado's roads and highways, with specific projects benefiting from this funding if voters agree in November.

Last action: 2017-04-27 · Senate

High-risk Health Care Coverage Program

Senate Bill 17-300, also known as the High-risk Health Care Coverage Program, asks Colorado's insurance commissioner to study ways to help people with pre-existing conditions get health coverage and lower premiums for individual market plans. The commissioner will look into options like high-risk pools or reinsurance programs, consider federal rules, funding sources, and costs. They must submit a report by October 1, 2017, and present it before the next legislative session starts. Since the bill has been signed, the study is now underway to address these issues for Colorado residents.

Last action: 2017-04-26 · Senate

Energy-related Statutes

SB 17-301 is a Colorado bill that covers various aspects of energy policy. It requires natural gas utilities to get approval from the Public Utilities Commission before acquiring new resources and mandates electric utilities to create plans for managing their distribution systems. The bill also removes funding for certain renewable energy programs, like wind grants for schools, while renaming and expanding the Clean and Renewable Energy Fund to include education on energy issues. Additionally, it simplifies some processes for homeowners using PACE financing for home improvements by exempting them from certain requirements if they don't need to subordinate existing liens. The bill has been signed into law, meaning its provisions are now enforceable in Colorado. This affects utility companies, schools, and homeowners looking to finance energy efficiency projects or use renewable energy sources.

Last action: 2017-04-26 · Senate

Evaluate State Information Technology Resources

HB 17-1361, a Colorado state bill, requires an independent review of how the state manages its technology resources. This includes looking at whether centralizing IT management in one office is working well and if there's a clear plan for choosing which tech projects to fund. The review will also check how well the state uses technology to interact with the public and get feedback from agencies about their satisfaction with current services. A report with recommendations on improving these areas must be completed by December 2018, after which相关部门将开会讨论如何实施这些建议。该法案已经签署成为法律。 简单来说，这项法案要求对州政府的信息技术管理进行独立审查，并提出改进建议，以提高效率和公众满意度。它影响到所有使用或依赖于信息技术的州机构和服务对象。目前该法案已签署生效，这意味着相关评估已经开始进行，预计年底前会有报告出炉并讨论实施建议。

Last action: 2017-04-26 · House

Allow Criminal Record Sealing Subsequent Offense

HB 17-1360, a Colorado bill that has been signed into law, allows people with certain criminal records to have their minor offenses sealed even if they had another non-felony conviction within the last three years. To qualify, this subsequent offense must not involve domestic violence, unlawful sexual behavior, or child abuse, and the person cannot have any other convictions for ten years after that second offense. This change makes it easier for some individuals with criminal records to clear their backgrounds, helping them find jobs and housing more easily.

Last action: 2017-04-26 · House

Exempt New Energy Requirement If Not Subordinate Lien

House Bill 17-1363, which has been signed into law, changes a Colorado program that helps homeowners finance energy efficiency improvements. Under this program, homeowners usually need to file paperwork and attend a hearing if they want their new loan to be considered less important than existing loans on the property. However, the bill now allows homeowners to skip these steps if there's no need to change the order of priority among existing loans. This makes it easier for some homeowners to get financing without extra hassle. Since the bill has been signed, it is now law and affects anyone using this program in Colorado.

Last action: 2017-04-26 · House

Plan For Addressing Statewide Infrastructure Needs

House Bill 17-1362, known as "Plan for Addressing Statewide Infrastructure Needs," requires certain committees to meet and discuss how to address critical infrastructure needs across Colorado. These meetings aim to find ways to fund these essential projects. The bill affects state government bodies responsible for transportation and capital development. Since the status is "signed," this means that the governor has approved the bill, making it official law.

Last action: 2017-04-26 · House

Clarify Property Tax Exemption Silvicultural Equipment

Senate Bill 17-302, which has been signed into law, changes how silvicultural equipment is treated for property tax purposes. Instead of exempting agricultural and livestock products from property taxes, the bill clarifies that equipment used in forestry activities, such as planting, growing, maintaining, or harvesting trees, is considered agricultural equipment and thus eligible for property tax exemption. This affects owners of forestry-related equipment who can now claim a property tax exemption on their silvicultural tools and machinery. Since the bill has been signed, it is now law and these changes are in effect.

Last action: 2017-04-26 · Senate

CDE Colorado Department of Education Positions Exempt From State Personnel System

House Bill 17-1359 allows the Colorado Department of Education (CDE) to exempt certain positions from state personnel rules. This means that roles like directors, consultants, supervisors, and instructors can be managed differently by the CDE rather than following standard state employment regulations. The bill lets the commissioner of education decide which jobs get this exemption instead of just the state board of education. It also requires yearly reports to track these exempt positions. Since the bill has been signed, it is now law and affects how the CDE manages its staff in specific roles.

Last action: 2017-04-26 · House

Extend Colorado Department Labor Employment Worker Outreach Recruitment Key Grant Program

HB 17-1357 is a Colorado bill that extends funding for the WORK Act, which helps find and train skilled workers, through the end of the 2018-19 fiscal year. It also allows the Department of Labor and Employment to quickly review applications from previous grant recipients seeking additional funds without following usual procurement rules, under certain conditions. Additionally, it removes a limit on how much money can be spent each year for this program. Since the bill has been signed, these changes are now in effect, helping businesses find skilled workers more easily.

Last action: 2017-04-24 · House

Constitutional Convention Term Limits

SJM 17-008, which is now signed into law, sets term limits for delegates who participate in a constitutional convention in Colorado. This means that there are restrictions on how long someone can serve as a delegate if such a convention were to occur. The bill affects anyone who might become a delegate in the future. Since it has been signed, these term limits will apply should Colorado ever hold a constitutional convention.

Last action: 2017-04-24 · Senate

County Block Grant Money To Child Care Quality Programs

HB 17-1355 is a Colorado bill that allows counties to use block grant money intended for child care assistance not just for providing direct child care services but also for improving the quality of those services. This means counties can now spend this funding on activities like training and education programs for child care providers, which could enhance the overall quality of child care available in their communities. The bill has been signed into law, so these changes are now official and counties can start using the funds for both direct services and quality improvement initiatives as needed.

Last action: 2017-04-24 · House

Armenian Genocide Day Of Remembrance

SJR 17-042, also known as the "Armenian Genocide Day of Remembrance," is a bill that establishes a specific day in Colorado to remember and honor the victims of the Armenian Genocide. This day would raise awareness about this historical event among Coloradans. Since the bill has been signed into law, it means that Colorado now officially recognizes an annual day dedicated to commemorating the Armenian Genocide, affecting all residents who are interested or involved in recognizing historical atrocities and promoting education on such events.

Last action: 2017-04-24 · Senate

Camp Hale National Historic Landscape

Senate Memorial 17-003, which has been signed into law, aims to establish the Camp Hale National Historic Landscape in Colorado. This memorial honors the historical significance of Camp Hale, a site that played a crucial role during World War II and later supported the development of the 10th Mountain Division. It affects local communities around Eagle and Summit counties by recognizing and preserving this important piece of military history. Since it has been signed, the designation is now official, meaning efforts to protect and promote Camp Hale as an historic site can begin.

Last action: 2017-04-24 · Senate

Apportionment Of Income Of Enterprise Data Centers

Senate Bill 17-299, which has been signed into law, allows companies that invest a significant amount of money (at least $50 million) in building or expanding enterprise data centers in Colorado over five consecutive years to negotiate with the state’s economic development office. This negotiation can lead to a special agreement where the company pays income tax based on a different method that supports the state's economy more effectively. The agreement includes details about the investment and how it benefits Colorado, along with a plan for transitioning to this new tax arrangement. This bill primarily affects large tech companies planning substantial investments in data centers within the state.

Last action: 2017-04-24 · Senate

Disclose Amounts Payable To Real Estate Brokers

House Bill 17-1358, which has been signed into law in Colorado, requires real estate brokers to disclose their fees or the method for calculating these fees in writing during any sale or lease transaction. This includes specifying how much each party involved will pay if the costs are split between them. Additionally, brokers must include this information on all marketing materials and online listings related to specific properties. This law affects anyone buying, selling, or leasing real estate who uses a broker's services. Since it has been signed into law, it is now enforceable in Colorado.

Last action: 2017-04-24 · House

Designate The Lieutenant Jim Downing Bridge

House Joint Resolution 17-1031, which has been signed into law, designates a bridge in Colorado as the Lieutenant Jim Downing Bridge. This resolution honors Lieutenant Jim Downing by officially naming a specific bridge after him. Since it has been signed, the bridge will now carry this name to commemorate his contributions. The exact location of the bridge is not specified in the brief description provided, but it means that any official references or signs related to this bridge will include Lieutenant Jim Downing's name from now on.

Last action: 2017-04-24 · House

Treat Economic Development Income Tax Credits Differently

HB 17-1356, a Colorado bill that has been signed into law, allows certain businesses making strategic investments in the state to carry forward or transfer specific income tax credits for up to five years. These tax credits include incentives for job creation, investment in property within enterprise zones, hiring new employees in these zones, and spending on research activities. This means that eligible businesses can benefit from tax breaks over a longer period, potentially encouraging more economic development and investment in Colorado. Since the bill has been signed, it is now law and its provisions are enforceable.

Last action: 2017-04-24 · House

Revising Higher Education Performance Requirements

Senate Bill 17-297 in Colorado撤销了一项未实施的基于绩效的高等教育资助计划，该计划原本旨在根据高校的表现来分配资金。法案还取消了要求各大学与州教育部签订年度绩效合同的规定，并改为每年确认一次学校为实现教育总体规划目标所做的贡献。此外，法案简化了一些程序，比如允许学校在不需委员会批准的情况下修改或终止学术项目，前提是这些改动符合学校的使命和角色。该法案已由州长签署成为法律，这意味着各高校将不再受之前严格的绩效合同约束，并且教育部需要每年报告各校的进展情况。

Last action: 2017-04-21 · Senate

Implement Medicaid Delivery & Payment Initiatives

HB 17-1353 is a Colorado bill that aims to improve how Medicaid services are delivered and paid for. It allows the Department of Health Care Policy and Financing to continue implementing a system called the Accountable Care Collaborative (ACC), which focuses on better integrating physical and mental health care, establishing primary care medical homes, and improving regional coordination. The bill also requires the department to report annually on how well this new system is working and its financial impact. Since it has been signed into law, these changes are now in effect and will affect Medicaid clients and providers across Colorado.

Last action: 2017-04-21 · House

2018 Convening Date

SJR 17-041 is a bill that sets the date for the Colorado General Assembly to convene in 2018. It doesn't affect regular citizens directly but ensures lawmakers know when they need to start their legislative session. Since it has been signed, this means the date for the assembly's meeting in 2018 is officially set and cannot be changed without a new bill being passed.

Last action: 2017-04-21 · Senate

Collection Of Delinquent Taxes On Mobile Homes

HB 17-1354, also known as the "Collection Of Delinquent Taxes On Mobile Homes" bill, changes how Colorado counties handle unpaid taxes on mobile homes that are not permanently fixed in place. Currently, county treasurers must take strict actions like going to court or seizing and selling these mobile homes when taxes are overdue. The new law gives treasurers more flexibility by allowing them to negotiate payment plans with owners who owe back taxes instead of immediately taking legal action. It also lets treasurers hold tax liens on these mobile homes if there are issues with the title, preventing investors from buying those liens. This bill has been signed into law and is now in effect, meaning counties can start using these new methods to collect delinquent taxes on mobile homes that aren't permanently affixed to the ground.

Last action: 2017-04-21 · House

Pharmacist Partial Fill Opioid Prescription

House Bill 17-1350, which has been signed into law in Colorado, allows pharmacists to partially fill prescriptions for certain strong painkillers (Schedule II opioids) if they believe it's necessary. This means that instead of giving out the full amount prescribed by a doctor, a pharmacist can give less medication and keep the rest on hold. The bill also requires the pharmacist to inform both the patient’s doctor and a monitoring program about this partial fill. This law aims to help reduce the risk of opioid misuse or overdose by limiting the amount of these powerful painkillers that patients have access to at one time.

Last action: 2017-04-21 · House

Study Inpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment

House Bill 17-1351, which has been signed into law, requires Colorado's Department of Health Care Policy and Financing, along with the Office of Behavioral Health, to create a report on residential and inpatient treatment options for substance use disorders under Medicaid. The report will cover costs, impacts on other state programs, and recommendations for better coordination among agencies. Additionally, the bill allows the health department to access data from the prescription drug monitoring program to identify individuals at risk of opioid overdose or needing more coordinated care. This bill aims to improve treatment options and support for those dealing with substance use disorders in Colorado.

Last action: 2017-04-21 · House

Motor Vehicle Dealers And Manufacturers

Senate Bill 17-298, which has been signed into law, aims to protect car dealers in Colorado from unfair practices by vehicle manufacturers. It extends the period during which a manufacturer cannot require expensive facility changes from seven to ten years and bans certain sales practices that could give some dealers an unfair advantage over others. The bill also gives dealers more rights to challenge decisions made by manufacturers through court actions, such as contesting the addition of new dealerships or terminations, ensuring they can seek legal recourse if these decisions negatively impact them financially or otherwise. This means car dealers now have stronger protections against manufacturer-imposed costs and unfair business practices.

Last action: 2017-04-21 · Senate

Children Of Fallen Military Service Members

HJR 17-1030, also known as the "Children of Fallen Military Service Members" bill in Colorado, provides benefits and support for children whose parents have died while serving in the military. This includes financial assistance and educational opportunities designed to help these children cope with their loss and continue their education. Since it has been signed into law, this bill is now active and its provisions are being implemented to assist eligible families.

Last action: 2017-04-21 · House

Regulate Student Education Loan Servicers

HB 17-1352 is a Colorado law that requires companies servicing federal student loans to get a special license before they can operate in the state. This means these companies must be approved by the administrator of the 'Uniform Consumer Credit Code' to handle tasks like collecting payments and managing borrower accounts. The law went into effect on September 1, 2018, meaning that as of this date, all student loan servicers must comply with these licensing requirements in Colorado. This impacts both the companies servicing loans and borrowers who are dealing with these services within the state.

Last action: 2017-04-21 · House

Colorado Libraries

HR 17-1008, also known as the "Colorado Libraries" bill, was signed into law and aims to support public libraries in Colorado by providing them with additional funding and resources. This helps libraries offer more services and materials to the community, benefiting everyone from students to seniors who use library facilities. Since it has been signed, the bill is now active law, meaning that libraries across Colorado can start receiving the new support outlined in the legislation.

Last action: 2017-04-20 · House

Assessment Ratio For Residential Real Property

House Bill 17-1349, which has been signed into law, sets a new property tax valuation ratio for residential homes at 7.2% starting from January 1, 2017. This means that the value used to calculate property taxes for homeowners will be based on this specific percentage until the state legislature decides to change it. The bill affects all Colorado residents who own and pay property taxes on their homes. Since the bill has been signed, it is now law and impacts how residential property taxes are calculated in the state.

Last action: 2017-04-20 · House

Honoring Gold Star Families

HJR 17-1028 is a bill in Colorado that honors families who have lost a member while serving in the military. It recognizes and supports Gold Star Families by acknowledging their sacrifice and loss. Since it has been signed, this resolution is now law and its provisions are in effect for these families.

Last action: 2017-04-20 · House

Holocaust Awareness Week

House Joint Resolution 17-1027, which has been signed into law, designates a specific week each year as Holocaust Awareness Week in Colorado. This resolution aims to promote education and awareness about the Holocaust among residents of the state. It affects all Coloradans by encouraging schools, communities, and organizations to hold events or activities during this designated time to remember the victims and learn from history. Since it has been signed, this resolution is now an official part of Colorado's laws and practices.

Last action: 2017-04-20 · House

Colorado Pollinator Highway

HJR 17-1029, also known as the "Colorado Pollinator Highway," is a bill that aims to create designated areas along highways in Colorado where pollinators like bees and butterflies can find food and shelter. This initiative would help protect these important insects by planting native flowers and plants alongside roads. The bill has been signed into law, meaning it is now active and being implemented to benefit the environment and wildlife in Colorado.

Last action: 2017-04-20 · House

Commemorate 50th Anniversary Vietnam War

SJR 17-039 is a bill in Colorado that aims to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Vietnam War. It honors veterans and those affected by the war through recognition and remembrance activities. Since it has been signed, this resolution is now law and will guide how the state acknowledges and celebrates the anniversary with appropriate ceremonies or events.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · Senate

Motorcycle Safety Awareness Month

SJR 17-038, also known as Motorcycle Safety Awareness Month, is a bill that aims to promote awareness about motorcycle safety in Colorado. It encourages activities and campaigns throughout the year to educate drivers and motorcyclists on safe practices and laws. Since it has been signed into law, it means that Colorado officially recognizes efforts to enhance road safety for motorcycles during designated times of the year, affecting all road users but particularly those who ride or share the road with motorcycles.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · Senate

Revisor's Bill

Senate Bill 17-294 is a law that cleans up Colorado's statutes by removing outdated or unclear parts and making them clearer. This affects anyone who relies on state laws, such as lawyers, judges, and citizens looking for accurate legal information. The bill has been signed into law, meaning its changes are now official and part of the current legal framework in Colorado.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · Senate

Metastatic Breast Cancer Awareness Day

SJR 17-040 is a bill that establishes Metastatic Breast Cancer Awareness Day in Colorado. This day aims to raise awareness about metastatic breast cancer, which is an advanced stage of the disease where cancer has spread beyond the original site. The bill affects anyone interested in or affected by breast cancer, including patients, their families, and supporters. Since the status of the bill is "signed," it means that the governor has approved it, making Metastatic Breast Cancer Awareness Day officially recognized in Colorado.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · Senate

Transfer Student Threat And Suicide Assessment Documents

HB 17-1347 is a Colorado bill that ensures when a student transfers schools, their previous school must share any threat or suicide assessment reports with the new school if requested. This means that important safety information about students will follow them as they move between public, charter, and pilot schools. The bill was signed into law, so it's now active and being implemented to help protect students' well-being across different educational settings.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · House

Innovative Teacher Preparation Pilot Programs

HB 17-1344, known as the Innovative Teacher Preparation Pilot Programs bill, aims to create new ways of training teachers in Colorado. The state's education department will start pilot programs that test innovative teaching methods and support new educators during their first years on the job. These efforts will help identify effective strategies for teacher preparation and share successful practices with schools, alternative teacher programs, and universities. Since the bill has been signed into law, it is now active and being implemented to improve how teachers are trained in Colorado.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · House

Revise Medicaid Fraud Reporting

Senate Bill 17-295 updates how Colorado reports on Medicaid fraud. It requires a single annual report from the Department of Health Care Policy and Financing that includes both client and provider fraud details, as well as cost and savings information. This report will now be sent to more legislative committees for better oversight. Since the bill has been signed, it is now law and these changes are in effect.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · Senate

Prohibit HOV High Occupancy Vehicle 3 Requirement North I-25 Express Lanes

House Bill 17-1348, which has been signed into law, changes the rules for using certain express lanes on north Interstate 25 in Colorado. Starting July 1, 2018, any car with at least two people inside can use these lanes without paying a fee, regardless of whether it's part of a special program that usually requires three or more passengers to qualify for free access. This affects drivers and passengers who frequently travel on I-25 express lanes in the northern part of Colorado. Since the bill has been signed, it is now law and its provisions are enforceable.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · House

Land Sale To Fort Logan Cemetery

House Bill 17-1346 allows the Department of Human Services to sell up to an additional 51 acres (for a total of 66 acres) around the Colorado Mental Health Institute at Fort Logan to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs for expanding the Fort Logan National Cemetery. The money from this sale will go into a special account and can be used for future construction, maintenance, or renewal projects by the Department of Human Services, with approval needed from specific state offices. Some of these funds must also support veterans' and behavioral health-related initiatives. Since the bill has been signed, it is now law and the land sale can proceed as outlined.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · House

Engineer Excavator Stamp Plan Underground Facility

Senate Bill 17-290, which has been signed into law, changes how engineers and excavators handle underground facilities during construction. Previously, excavation plans only needed general information about underground facilities; now, these plans must include specific details about the locations of such facilities. Engineers are required to sign off on these detailed plans with their official stamps, and then pass those stamped plans directly to the people who will be doing the digging. This law affects anyone involved in construction projects that require excavation, ensuring better safety and accuracy when dealing with underground infrastructure.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · Senate

Retail Marijuana Sales Tax Rate

House Bill 17-1345, also known as the Retail Marijuana Sales Tax Rate bill, aims to keep the sales tax on marijuana at 10% instead of reducing it to 8% as was previously planned. This affects anyone who buys or sells recreational marijuana in Colorado. Since the bill has been signed into law, the higher tax rate will remain in place without any reduction scheduled for July 1, 2017, and this impacts both consumers and businesses in the cannabis industry.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · House

Update Paper Specification Standard For Colorado Revised Statutes Publication

Senate Bill 17-293 updates the paper quality standards for printing Colorado's Revised Statutes. Currently, state contracts require a specific outdated standard for permanent paper used in printed library materials. The bill changes this requirement to align with current industry standards set by American and national information organizations regarding acidity levels and reserve requirements for uncoated paper. This update will only apply to future contracts and won't affect the existing publications contract. Since it has been signed, these new standards are now legally binding for any future printing or publishing contracts related to Colorado's Revised Statutes.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · Senate

Financing Public Schools

Senate Bill 17-296, which has been signed into law, increases funding for Colorado public schools by setting a new base amount per student of $6,546.20 for the 2017-18 school year, marking a 2.8% increase from previous years to account for inflation. The bill also allows districts facing significant financial burdens due to new programs or increased enrollment to receive additional funding from a reserve fund, with the condition that they repay it once their actual student numbers are finalized. This change helps ensure schools have adequate resources and updates terminology related to state funding adjustments.

Last action: 2017-04-19 · Senate

Implement Conflict-free Case Management

HB 17-1343, a Colorado bill, aims to ensure that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities who receive home-based care through Medicaid get case management services from different agencies than those providing their direct support. This separation is meant to prevent conflicts of interest and improve the quality of care. The bill sets up rules for certifying these case management agencies and outlines a timeline for full implementation, allowing exceptions in rural areas if necessary. Since it has been signed into law, this means that the changes will now be put into practice according to the outlined plan.

Last action: 2017-04-18 · House

Colorado Works Employment Opportunities With Wages

Senate Bill 17-292, titled "Colorado Works Employment Opportunities With Wages," aims to create a program that helps people find jobs and earn better wages. The Colorado Department of Human Services will work with local counties and businesses to develop this employment program and ensure it meets its goals. The bill also requires the department to report annually on how well the program is working until 2021, when the program will end. Since the bill has been signed into law, the program is now in development and implementation phases as of September 1, 2017.

Last action: 2017-04-17 · Senate

Sunset School Safety Resource Center Advisory Board

Senate Bill 17-291 extends the existence of the School Safety Resource Center Advisory Board beyond its original expiration date until September 1, 2022. This bill affects the board members and stakeholders involved in school safety initiatives. Since it has been signed into law, the advisory board will continue to operate as intended by the legislation without facing dissolution at its previous set end date.

Last action: 2017-04-17 · Senate

County Public Safety Improvements Tax Elections

HB 17-1342, a Colorado bill that has been signed into law, allows counties to hold special elections at different times of the year for proposing public safety improvements taxes. Previously, these proposals could only be put to voters during general elections. Now, counties can also ask residents about such taxes during biennial county elections or in November of odd-numbered years. This change gives local governments more flexibility in how they seek voter approval for funding public safety initiatives.

Last action: 2017-04-17 · House